Hexavalent Chromium Testing Lab Houston, TX

AIHA IHLAP-accredited industrial hygiene testing laboratory for hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) speciation at 10200 East Freeway, Houston TX 77029. OSHA ID-215 (v2) IC on Na₂CO₃-impregnated filters — refrigerated chain of custody required. OSHA 1910.1026 action level (2.5 µg/m³) and PEL (5 µg/m³) compliance. Cr(VI) wipe sampling and bulk coating analysis. AIHA IHLAP LAP-101470 and ISO/IEC 17025:2017 accredited — continuous AIHA accreditation since 2000. Samples received before 2:00 PM CST logged same day.

Last Updated: April 2026 Reviewed by: AGT Labs Analytical Chemistry Team — IHLAP-accredited analysts
AIHA IHLAP · LAP-101470 ISO/IEC 17025:2017 IARC Group 1 Carcinogen Rush TAT · Refrigerated COC OSHA ID-215 v2 · NOT NIOSH 7300 Since 2000
Why Hexavalent Chromium Testing Is Non-Negotiable

Hexavalent chromium is an IARC Group 1 confirmed human carcinogen — it causes lung cancer with no known safe exposure threshold, and OSHA 1910.1026 is strictly enforced

IARC Group 1 — Confirmed Human Carcinogen

Cr(VI) compounds are classified as IARC Group 1. Epidemiological studies of chrome platers and stainless steel welders demonstrate significantly elevated lung cancer mortality at occupational exposure levels. Hexavalent chromium testing quantifies this specific risk.

NIOSH REL Is 25× More Protective Than OSHA PEL

OSHA's PEL is 5 µg/m³. NIOSH REL is 0.2 µg/m³ — 25× more protective. This gap exists because OSHA's PEL was set using economic and feasibility constraints, not purely on health risk. Routine hexavalent chromium testing ensures you understand true worker health risk beyond baseline OSHA compliance.

Speciation Is Required — Total Cr Is Not Sufficient

OSHA 1910.1026 requires monitoring specifically for hexavalent chromium, not total chromium. NIOSH 7300 (ICP, total chromium) cannot distinguish Cr(VI) from Cr(III) — using it for compliance monitoring is analytically invalid. Proper hexavalent chromium testing uses dedicated Na₂CO₃-impregnated filters.

Stainless Steel Welding Is the #1 Source

When the chromium content of stainless steel alloys is heated to welding temperatures, Cr(III) in the base metal is oxidized to Cr(VI) in the welding fume. Any welder working on stainless steel requires hexavalent chromium testing to verify exposure controls are adequate.

IARC Group 1 Human Carcinogen

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies hexavalent chromium compounds as Group 1 — sufficient evidence of human carcinogenicity. Studies of chrome platers, chromate pigment workers, and stainless steel welders show significantly elevated lung cancer rates. Cr(VI) also causes nasal septum perforation ("chrome ulcers") through direct corrosive action, and characteristic painless skin ulcers ("chrome holes") at sites of dermal contact.

IARC ClassificationGroup 1
Primary CancerLung
NIOSH REL0.2 µg/m³

OSHA 1910.1026 (General Industry) & 1926.1126 (Construction)

OSHA's Cr(VI) standard is one of the most comprehensive substance-specific standards in general industry. Any operation generating airborne Cr(VI) — stainless steel welding, chrome plating, coating disturbance, abrasive blasting on chromate-painted surfaces — requires initial air monitoring. Exceeding the limits below triggers medical surveillance, engineering controls, respiratory protection, and a written Cr(VI) compliance program.

OSHA Action Level2.5 µg/m³8-hr TWA · Triggers Medical
OSHA PEL5 µg/m³8-hr TWA · Full compliance
The Most Critical Technical Distinction

NIOSH 7300 Total Chromium Cannot Satisfy OSHA 1910.1026 — Speciation Is Required

This is the single most important technical point in hexavalent chromium testing. Many facilities receive air monitoring reports showing "chromium detected" from NIOSH 7300 (ICP total metal scan) and assume this satisfies OSHA 1910.1026 compliance requirements. It does not.

⚠ Critical: NIOSH 7300 (Total Chromium) Is Analytically Invalid for OSHA 1910.1026 Compliance

NIOSH 7300 uses strong acid digestion (HNO₃/HCl) which destroys Cr(VI) speciation — all chromium is converted to a single ionic state during digestion. The result cannot distinguish Cr(VI) (human carcinogen, OSHA PEL 5 µg/m³) from Cr(III) (essential nutrient, no OSHA PEL). A total chromium result of 10 µg/m³ could mean 10 µg/m³ of Cr(VI) (double the PEL) or 10 µg/m³ of Cr(III) (no regulatory concern) — there is no way to know from a NIOSH 7300 result alone. Additionally, MCE filters used for NIOSH 7300 do not preserve Cr(VI) speciation — Cr(VI) reduces to Cr(III) during acid digestion, making retrospective speciation impossible. Use OSHA ID-215 (v2) with Na₂CO₃-impregnated PVC filters from the start.

✗ INVALID for OSHA 1910.1026 Compliance

NIOSH 7300 / 7303 — Total Chromium (ICP)

Total metal scan by ICP-AES or ICP-MS from MCE filter acid digest. Quantifies all chromium present regardless of oxidation state. Cannot be compared to OSHA 1910.1026 PEL or action level for Cr(VI).

  • Cannot distinguish Cr(VI) from Cr(III)
  • Acid digestion destroys oxidation state speciation
  • MCE filter does not stabilize Cr(VI) — reduction occurs
  • Result cannot be compared to 5 µg/m³ PEL for Cr(VI)
  • Does not satisfy OSHA 1910.1026 monitoring requirement
✓ Required for OSHA 1910.1026 Compliance

OSHA ID-215 (v2) — Hexavalent Chromium Testing by Ion Chromatography

Cr(VI)-specific collection on Na₂CO₃-impregnated PVC filter at 1–4 L/min. Alkaline buffer preserves Cr(VI) speciation. Phosphate buffer extraction + IC quantifies Cr(VI) specifically. If your operation requires both Cr(VI) speciation and a full metals panel, our metals in air ICP scan can run alongside OSHA ID-215 (v2) to provide total chromium context plus 30+ additional elements from a companion filter.

  • Cr(VI)-specific — result directly compared to 5 µg/m³ PEL
  • Na₂CO₃ filter stabilizes Cr(VI) — prevents reduction
  • Refrigerate immediately at 4°C · ship on ice overnight
  • 14-day maximum hold time refrigerated
  • Satisfies OSHA 1910.1026 monitoring requirement
  • AGT Labs primary method — AIHA IHLAP-accredited
Analytical Methods

Hexavalent Chromium Testing Methods — All In-House at AGT Labs

AGT Labs performs all hexavalent chromium testing methods in-house. No third-party instrument routing — faster turnaround and continuous chain of custody from filter receipt to report.

NIOSH 7600 — Alternative

Colorimetric (1,5-Diphenylcarbazide)

The classic NIOSH 7600 colorimetric method uses the highly specific reaction of 1,5-diphenylcarbazide (DPC) with Cr(VI) to form a reddish-purple complex quantified by UV-Vis spectrophotometry at 540 nm. Collection on Na₂CO₃-impregnated PVC filter or glass fiber filter. The DPC reaction is highly selective for Cr(VI) — Cr(III) does not react. Sensitivity is comparable to IC but may be less precise at concentrations near the action level compared to OSHA ID-215 (v2) IC.

Media:Na₂CO₃ PVC or GFF · same refrigeration required
Analysis:UV-Vis at 540 nm · DPC reaction
Best for:Confirmation · field-expedient applications
Bulk Coating Analysis

Bulk Coating Cr(VI) — Alkaline Digest + IC

Bulk analysis of paint chips, primers, and coating materials to determine Cr(VI) content. Chromate-based primers (zinc chromate, strontium chromate, barium chromate) are widely used in aerospace, defense, marine, and industrial corrosion-protection coatings. Coating samples are extracted in alkaline phosphate buffer (preserving Cr(VI) speciation — NOT acid digested) and analyzed by IC. Results reported as µg/g or % Cr(VI) by weight. Critical for renovation, abatement planning, and OSHA classification before disturbance.

Matrix:Paint chips, bulk primer, coating debris
Method:Alkaline extraction — NOT acid digest
Units:µg/g Cr(VI) + % by weight

Note on NIOSH 7605: NIOSH 7605 is a similar IC-based Cr(VI) speciation method that AGT Labs performs in-house but is not within our AIHA IHLAP-accredited scope. For accredited compliance reporting under OSHA 1910.1026, OSHA ID-215 (Version 2) is our method of record. NIOSH 7605 results may be requested as a non-accredited equivalent where contracts require it.

Compliance Triggers

OSHA Action Level vs PEL — Required Monitoring Frequency

The OSHA Cr(VI) standard creates two distinct exposure-level triggers, each with its own program element requirements. Understanding which level your facility crosses determines monitoring frequency, medical surveillance, and program documentation requirements.

Exposure LevelCr(VI) Concentration (8-hr TWA)Required MonitoringMedical SurveillanceOther Program Elements
Below Action Level< 2.5 µg/m³After 2 consecutive measurements below AL, may discontinue periodic monitoringNot required for Cr(VI) programMaintain initial assessment record · resume monitoring if process changes
Above Action Level, Below PEL2.5 – 5 µg/m³Quarterly periodic monitoring requiredRequired for workers exposed 30+ days/year — annual exam, chest X-ray, spirometry, skin/nasal examWritten Cr(VI) compliance program · employee notification within 5 working days · respirator program
Above PEL> 5 µg/m³Quarterly + corrective action required to reduce below PELRequired + accelerated frequency for symptomatic workersEngineering controls feasibility analysis · respiratory protection · regulated areas · OSHA citation
Initial AssessmentBefore first work beginsSingle full-shift personal sample for each worker reasonably expected to be exposedTriggered by initial result above AL"Objective data" alternative possible if industry data demonstrates exposures below AL
Periodic ReassessmentAfter process changeRequired when any process change may increase Cr(VI) exposureReassessment of worker exposure statusNew baseline for compliance program

The Action Level Is the Real Trigger

For most facilities, the practical compliance focus is the 2.5 µg/m³ Action Level — not the 5 µg/m³ PEL. Crossing the AL converts annual or one-time sampling into a quarterly monitoring program with mandatory medical surveillance. Many facilities running stainless steel welding or chrome plating discover their exposure profile sits between the AL and PEL — technically PEL-compliant but with full AL program obligations triggered.

AGT Labs reports every Cr(VI) result against action level (2.5 µg/m³), OSHA PEL (5 µg/m³), and NIOSH REL (0.2 µg/m³) — three-limit reporting on every report — so the trigger consequences are immediately clear from the result.

Method Sensitivity

Detection Limits & Sample Volume Planning

What sample volume do you need to certify a Cr(VI) result below the OSHA Action Level (2.5 µg/m³)? Here's the headroom OSHA ID-215 (v2) IC provides at typical sampling volumes.

Sampling ScenarioPump FlowVolumeReporting Limitvs OSHA AL (2.5 µg/m³)vs NIOSH REL (0.2 µg/m³)
4-hr Partial Shift2 L/min480 L~ 0.10 µg/m³~ 25× below AL~ 2× below REL
8-hr Full Shift (Standard)2 L/min960 L~ 0.05 µg/m³~ 50× below AL~ 4× below REL
8-hr Full Shift (High Flow)4 L/min1,920 L~ 0.025 µg/m³~ 100× below AL~ 8× below REL
15-min STEL Sampling4 L/min60 L~ 0.83 µg/m³~ 3× below ALAbove REL — limited
Surface Wipe (NIOSH 9102)n/a100 cm² area~ 0.05 µg/100 cm²n/a (no surface PEL)n/a
Bulk Coating (Alkaline IC)n/a≥ 100 mg sample~ 5 µg/g (0.0005% by weight)n/an/a

Why Volume Matters for the NIOSH REL

For routine OSHA 1910.1026 compliance against the AL (2.5 µg/m³), an 8-hour full-shift sample at 2 L/min provides ample headroom (~50× below AL). However, facilities targeting the more protective NIOSH REL of 0.2 µg/m³ as an internal benchmark need higher sample volumes — running pumps at 4 L/min for a full shift yields ~0.025 µg/m³ LOD, providing 8× headroom below the REL.

Critical: 15-minute STEL sampling has inherently higher reporting limits because of the smaller volume — the LOD typically sits between the OSHA AL and PEL. Use STEL sampling specifically to identify peak-exposure tasks (grinding chromate primer, welding stainless steel pipe), not for AL/PEL compliance documentation.

Cr(VI) Compound Classification

Soluble vs Insoluble Cr(VI) Compounds — Why It Matters

Cr(VI) compounds vary dramatically in water solubility, which affects bioavailability and exposure scenario. Understanding which type your facility handles helps interpret results and prioritize controls.

Solubility ClassCommon CompoundsWorkplace ExamplesBioavailabilityOSHA Treatment
Highly Soluble Cr(VI)Chromic acid (CrO₃) · Sodium dichromate · Potassium dichromate · Ammonium dichromate · Sodium chromateHard chrome & decorative chrome plating baths · Chromate conversion coatings (Alodine, Iridite) · Wood preservatives · Chemical synthesis reagentsVery high — dissolves in lung fluid & blood within minutesSame PEL (5 µg/m³) — solubility increases inhalation toxicity per unit mass
Slightly Soluble Cr(VI)Calcium chromate · Strontium chromateSome specialty primers and corrosion inhibitors · Aerospace chromate coatingsModerate — partial dissolution over hoursSame PEL (5 µg/m³)
Insoluble Cr(VI) (Pigments)Lead chromate (chrome yellow) · Zinc chromate · Barium chromate · Chromium oxide pigments containing Cr(VI)Industrial corrosion-protection primers · Bridge coatings · Aircraft primers · Chrome yellow paint pigments · Pre-1980 painted structuresLower per mass — but particles persist in lung tissueSame PEL (5 µg/m³) — ALL Cr(VI) is IARC Group 1
Welding Fume Cr(VI)Mixture: predominantly soluble alkali chromates (Na, K) with some chromium trioxide aerosolStainless steel SMAW/FCAW welding fume · Plasma cutting fume · Carbon arc gouging on stainlessHigh — fine fume particles, mostly solubleSame PEL (5 µg/m³) — primary US occupational source

All Cr(VI) Compounds Carry the Same OSHA PEL

A common misconception is that "insoluble" chromate pigments (zinc chromate, lead chromate) are less hazardous than soluble chromic acid. The OSHA 1910.1026 PEL of 5 µg/m³ applies to all Cr(VI) compounds equally — IARC and NIOSH classify both soluble and insoluble Cr(VI) as Group 1 confirmed human carcinogens. Insoluble Cr(VI) particles deposited in the lung dissolve slowly over months, providing prolonged Cr(VI) exposure to lung tissue.

AGT Labs' OSHA ID-215 (v2) IC and bulk alkaline-IC analysis report total Cr(VI) content regardless of solubility class — what matters for OSHA compliance is total Cr(VI), not the compound form. The ACGIH TLV does distinguish water-soluble (0.0002 mg/m³) from insoluble (0.01 mg/m³) Cr(VI), but OSHA does not.

Hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) personal air monitoring stainless steel welding OSHA ID-215 v2 Na2CO3 filter OSHA 1910.1026 compliance Houston TX
What Hexavalent Chromium Testing Covers

From Stainless Steel Welding Fume to Chrome Plating Mist — Three Sample Types in One Accredited Lab

AGT Labs performs all three hexavalent chromium testing categories from a single AIHA IHLAP-accredited Houston facility — personal breathing-zone air monitoring (OSHA ID-215 v2), surface wipe sampling (NIOSH 9102), and bulk coating analysis (alkaline extraction IC). Every report includes comparison to OSHA action level, OSHA PEL, and NIOSH REL. Cr(VI) speciation is one of the most analytically demanding services an IH testing lab performs — requiring refrigerated chain of custody, PVC filters with Na₂CO₃ pretreatment, and rapid extraction to prevent sample degradation.

  • Personal breathing-zone hexavalent chromium testing — OSHA ID-215 (v2) IC, Na₂CO₃ PVC filter
  • Short-term exposure (STEL) sampling during peak-exposure tasks — grinding, cutting, plating operations
  • Area monitoring at welding stations, plating bath rims, ventilation exhausts
  • Cr(VI) wipe sampling — work surfaces, equipment, hygiene areas (NIOSH 9102)
  • Bulk chromate primer and coating analysis — zinc chromate, strontium chromate by alkaline IC
  • Post-engineering-control verification — quantify LEV effectiveness at Cr(VI) welding operations
  • Federal & DoD project support — AIHA IHLAP + ISO/IEC 17025 quality system
Exposure Sources

Where Operations Require Hexavalent Chromium Testing

Stainless Steel Welding & Thermal Cutting

The most common industrial Cr(VI) exposure source. When stainless steel (304, 316, 317, 321, 310 series containing 10–26% chromium) is arc welded, the high-temperature welding arc oxidizes Cr(III) in the base metal to Cr(VI) fume. SMAW, FCAW, GMAW, GTAW, and plasma cutting on stainless steel all generate Cr(VI) — concentrations in the breathing zone frequently exceed the OSHA PEL (5 µg/m³) without LEV.

High Cr(VI) GenerationOSHA 1910.1026 Required

Chrome Electroplating — Hexavalent Chrome Bath

Hard chrome and decorative chrome plating uses chromic acid (CrO₃) dissolved in water — a concentrated Cr(VI) solution. During electroplating, electrical current generates a fine chromic acid mist from the bath surface. Without fume suppressants or local exhaust ventilation at the bath rim, operators are directly exposed to Cr(VI) mist at concentrations typically well above the OSHA PEL.

Very High Exposure RiskSoluble Cr(VI) — High Bioavailability

Chromate Primer & Coating Disturbance

Zinc chromate, strontium chromate, and barium chromate pigments are used in corrosion-inhibiting primers on bridges, aircraft, marine vessels, industrial equipment, and railcars. Abrasive blasting, grinding, sanding, or mechanical disturbance of these coatings releases Cr(VI)-containing dust. Coating identification (bulk chip analysis) is required before disturbance.

Moderate-High RiskBulk ID Required First

Aerospace & Defense Coating Manufacturing

Aerospace manufacturing, military equipment maintenance, and aviation MRO facilities use chromate conversion coatings (chromic acid anodizing, Alodine, Iridite) and chromate primer extensively. Spray application of Cr(VI)-containing primers generates respirable chromate aerosol in the breathing zone of paint booth operators.

High Spray ExposureEngineering Controls Critical

Chromate Pigment Manufacturing

Production of lead chromate (chrome yellow), zinc chromate, and other chromate pigments for industrial paints involves handling concentrated Cr(VI) compounds in powder and slurry form. Dust generation during charging, blending, drying, and packaging creates high-concentration Cr(VI) aerosol. Historically, chromate pigment workers have some of the highest documented occupational lung cancer rates.

Highest Industry RiskOSHA 1910.1026 Required

Cement Manufacturing & Portland Cement Use

Portland cement contains water-soluble Cr(VI) — predominantly from chromite ore in raw materials. Workers handling cement (concrete finishing, masonry, cement manufacturing) are exposed to soluble Cr(VI) via both inhalation and dermal contact. Cement Cr(VI) is associated with occupational contact dermatitis ("cement eczema") and sensitization in addition to inhalation risk. Welding shops generating Cr(VI) fume should pair hexavalent chromium analysis with a comprehensive welding fume test covering manganese, nickel, cadmium, and other regulated metal constituents in the plume.

Dermal + InhalationWater-Soluble Cr(VI)
Surface & Wipe Monitoring

Hexavalent Chromium Testing for Surfaces — OSHA 1910.1026 Housekeeping Compliance

OSHA 1910.1026(j) requires housekeeping practices that minimize Cr(VI) surface contamination. Wipe sampling quantifies Cr(VI) surface loading on work surfaces, equipment, and hygiene areas — providing defensible documentation that housekeeping controls are effective.

Cr(VI) Wipe Sampling — NIOSH 9102

Surface wipe sampling for Cr(VI) uses pre-moistened wipe cloths collected from defined surface areas (100 cm²). Wipes are extracted in phosphate buffer and analyzed by IC for Cr(VI) specifically. Results in µg/100 cm² or µg/ft².

  • Work surface and bench top sampling — quantify Cr(VI) dust deposition from welding or grinding operations
  • Hygiene area sampling — cafeteria tables, locker room surfaces, change room floors — critical for preventing ingestion exposure
  • Equipment surface contamination — tool handles, valve controls, shared equipment in Cr(VI) work areas
  • Pre/post-housekeeping comparison — validate that vacuum + wet-wipe protocols achieve acceptable surface levels
  • Post-renovation clearance — verify Cr(VI) surface contamination below hazard levels before re-occupancy

Cr(VI) Housekeeping Reference Levels

Surface / LocationOSHA RequirementGuidance Level
Work surfaces (bench, table)As free as practicableOSHA 1910.1026(j)
Eating / break area surfacesProhibit Cr(VI) — surfaces must be cleanNo eating in Cr(VI) areas
Change room / locker surfacesNo contaminationOSHA 1910.1026(i)
Floors — general work areaVacuum + wet-wipe; NO dry sweeping1910.1026(j)(1)
Ventilation duct surfacesPeriodic cleaning required1910.1026(j)(2)

* OSHA 1910.1026 does not establish numeric surface clearance limits — requirements are qualitative ("as free as practicable"). Wipe sampling provides the quantitative baseline and trending data to demonstrate compliance and continuous improvement.

AIHA IHLAPLAP-101470
ISO/IEC 17025:2017Accredited Testing Lab
Cr(VI) In-HouseIC · UV-Vis · Alkaline Digest
IH Lab LocationHouston TX 77029
Continuous AIHASince 2000
Lab Logistics

Turnaround Times & Sampling Kits — Refrigerated Chain of Custody

Turnaround — OSHA ID-215 (v2) · NIOSH 7600 · Wipe · Bulk Cr(VI)
1-Day Rush1 business day+100%
2-Day Rush2 business days+75%
3-Day Rush3 business days+50%
4-Day Rush4 business days+25%
Standard7+ business daysNo Surcharge
⚠ Refrigeration mandatory: Cr(VI) filters must be sealed immediately after sampling and refrigerated at 4°C. Ship overnight on ice packs to AGT Labs. Maximum hold time: 14 days at 4°C. Samples arriving warm or after extended ambient holding should be noted on the COC — potential analytical bias will be flagged in the report. Call (713) 453-6090 for 24-hour rush coordination after emergency Cr(VI) releases.

Hexavalent Chromium Testing Kit — Provided Free

  • Na₂CO₃ / NaOH-impregnated 5 µm PVC filters (37mm, 3-piece cassette) — OSHA ID-215 (v2)
  • Calibrated personal sampling pumps, 1–4 L/min (loaner) with post-calibration check sheet
  • Ice packs and insulated shipping bag for refrigerated return COC
  • Pre-moistened Cr(VI) wipe cloths + collection templates (100 cm²)
  • Sample containers for bulk coating chips with pre-tare mass
  • Chain-of-custody forms — includes temperature log and refrigeration confirmation section
  • AGT Labs return shipping label (overnight configured)
Download IH COC Form
Submission Workflow

Hexavalent Chromium Testing — From Filter to Certified Compliance Report

1

Identify Cr(VI) Operations

Stainless steel welding, chrome plating, chromate coating disturbance, or cement work? Confirm Cr(VI) is the target — not total chromium. Request OSHA ID-215 (v2) Na₂CO₃ filter kit from AGT Labs.

2

Deploy Na₂CO₃ Filter

Clip Na₂CO₃-impregnated PVC cassette to collar within 25 cm of nose. Set pump to 1–4 L/min. Record start time, task, process, ventilation status. Full-shift and STEL samples as required.

3

Seal & Ship to IH Lab

Upon sampling completion, seal filter cassette caps immediately. Place in evidence bag. Refrigerate at 4°C within 1 hour of collection. Arrange overnight shipping on ice packs — do not ship ambient.

4

IC or UV-Vis Analysis

Phosphate buffer extraction preserves Cr(VI) speciation. IC separation quantifies chromate ion specifically. UV-Vis DPC colorimetry as alternative/confirmation. All in-house at AGT Labs Houston.

5

Compliance Report Delivered

Results in µg/m³ vs. OSHA AL (2.5), OSHA PEL (5), NIOSH REL (0.2) — all three limits on every report. Compliance determination, OSHA 1910.1026 program trigger assessment. AIHA IHLAP number on report.

Industries & Clients

Who Relies on AGT Labs for Hexavalent Chromium Testing

Petrochemical Construction & Stainless Steel Fabrication

Houston's Gulf Coast petrochemical complex — refineries, chemical plants, LNG facilities — uses extensive stainless steel piping, vessels, and heat exchangers requiring continuous welding and maintenance. Stainless steel pipe welders are among the highest-risk occupations for Cr(VI) fume exposure. AGT Labs provides project-based and annual compliance monitoring programs for plant turnarounds, new construction, and maintenance work.

SS WeldingOSHA ID-215 v21910.1026

Metal Finishing & Hard Chrome Plating

Hard chrome electroplating for industrial tooling, hydraulic cylinders, and automotive components uses concentrated chromic acid (CrO₃) baths — the highest-concentration soluble Cr(VI) exposure in industry. OSHA 1910.1026 compliance requires continuous exposure monitoring, fume suppressant verification, LEV performance testing, and medical surveillance for all plating operators.

Chromic Acid MistWipe TestingMedical Surveillance

Aerospace, Defense & Aviation MRO

Chromate conversion coatings (Alodine, chromic acid anodizing), zinc chromate primers, and strontium chromate topcoats are extensively used in military aircraft, commercial aviation, and defense equipment. Spray painters, coating applicators, and maintenance technicians performing sanding or stripping of chromate coatings require Cr(VI) monitoring.

Chromate PrimerSpray ApplicationBulk Coating ID

Bridge & Infrastructure Coating Contractors

Texas DOT bridge repainting and industrial structure painting projects frequently encounter chromate-based corrosion inhibiting primers (zinc chromate) on older steel structures. Abrasive blasting of chromate primer releases Cr(VI) dust at high concentrations. Contractors must identify coating Cr(VI) content before work begins (bulk chip analysis) and conduct OSHA ID-215 (v2) air monitoring throughout blast operations.

Bulk Chromate IDBlast Air Monitoring1926.1126

Shipbuilding & Marine Maintenance

Commercial and naval vessels use chromate primers extensively for corrosion protection in marine environments. Enclosed shipyard compartments and ship tanks create high-concentration Cr(VI) exposure during abrasive blasting, power tool cleaning, and recoating operations. Confined space entry in Cr(VI)-contaminated compartments requires both Cr(VI) and oxygen-deficiency monitoring.

Chromate BlastConfined SpaceOSHA ID-215 v2

IH Consultants & Industrial Hygiene Programs

Multi-client Cr(VI) monitoring programs across welding, plating, and coating industries. AGT Labs provides Na₂CO₃ filter kits with pre-configured overnight return shipping on ice, OSHA ID-215 (v2) IC analysis, and compliance reports against OSHA action level, PEL, and NIOSH REL — all three limits on every report. AIHA IHLAP accreditation number and clear compliance determination on every result. Aerospace and surface coating facilities that perform chromate spray operations may also require solvents and acid mist testing to evaluate solvent vehicle and acid aerosol exposures during the coating process.

All Cr(VI) MethodsAIHA IHLAP3-Limit Reporting

Federal & DoD Facilities

Military aircraft maintenance (chromate conversion coatings on airframe skin), navy vessel refit (chromate primers on hull steel), federal facility decommissioning, ammunition plant operations, and aerospace MRO contracts require accredited Cr(VI) data. Our AIHA IHLAP accreditation (LAP-101470) and ISO/IEC 17025:2017 quality system support federal procurement and BRAC site remediation under TSCA, CERCLA, and DoD environmental data quality requirements.

AIHA IHLAPBRACDoD Aircraft
Client Support

Hexavalent Chromium Testing — FAQ

What is the OSHA PEL for hexavalent chromium?
OSHA's PEL for Cr(VI) is 5 µg/m³ as an 8-hour TWA under 29 CFR 1910.1026 (general industry) and 29 CFR 1926.1126 (construction). The action level is 2.5 µg/m³ TWA. Exceeding the action level triggers mandatory medical surveillance, quarterly air monitoring, and employee notification. The NIOSH REL is 0.2 µg/m³ — 25× more protective than the OSHA PEL — because Cr(VI) is an IARC Group 1 confirmed human carcinogen causing lung cancer with no demonstrated safe threshold. AGT Labs reports all Cr(VI) results against the action level, OSHA PEL, and NIOSH REL on every report.
Why can't NIOSH 7300 be used for hexavalent chromium compliance?
NIOSH 7300 (ICP-AES) measures total chromium — it cannot distinguish Cr(VI) (IARC Group 1 carcinogen, OSHA PEL 5 µg/m³) from Cr(III) (essential nutrient, no OSHA PEL). A NIOSH 7300 result of 8 µg/m³ "total chromium" could be 8 µg/m³ of Cr(VI) (exceeding the PEL) or 8 µg/m³ of Cr(III) (no regulatory concern). Additionally, MCE filters used for NIOSH 7300 do not stabilize Cr(VI) speciation — acid digestion destroys the Cr(VI)/Cr(III) distinction. OSHA ID-215 (v2) with Na₂CO₃-impregnated PVC filters must be used from the start.
Why must hexavalent chromium samples be refrigerated?
Cr(VI) is a strong oxidizer that can be chemically reduced to Cr(III) by organic reducing agents in the workplace atmosphere and on the filter substrate, particularly at elevated temperatures. Once Cr(VI) reduces to Cr(III) on the filter, the analytical result will underreport true Cr(VI) exposure — potentially hiding a PEL exceedance. OSHA ID-215 (v2) requires: (1) Na₂CO₃ alkaline filter — inhibits reduction; (2) refrigerate at 4°C immediately after collection; (3) ship overnight on ice packs to the laboratory; (4) analyze within 14 days.
Does stainless steel welding generate Cr(VI)?
Yes — stainless steel welding is the most common industrial source of Cr(VI) fume exposure. When stainless steel alloys (304, 316, 317, 321, 310 series) are arc welded, the high-temperature welding arc oxidizes Cr(III) in the base metal to Cr(VI) in the welding plume. Cr(VI) concentrations in stainless steel welding fume breathing zones without LEV frequently exceed the OSHA PEL (5 µg/m³). SMAW, FCAW, GMAW, GTAW, and plasma cutting on stainless steel all generate Cr(VI). OSHA 1910.1026 monitoring is required for all operations where stainless steel or CrMo alloy welding occurs.
What media is used for Cr(VI) air sampling?
Cr(VI) personal air sampling requires Na₂CO₃ (sodium carbonate) / NaOH-impregnated 5 µm PVC filters in a 37mm 3-piece cassette, per OSHA ID-215 (v2). The alkaline carbonate impregnation creates a chemical environment that stabilizes Cr(VI) on the filter and prevents reduction to Cr(III) during sampling and sample holding. Flow rate: 1–4 L/min at the personal pump. MCE filters used for NIOSH 7300 total metals cannot be used — they do not preserve Cr(VI) speciation. AGT Labs provides pre-loaded Na₂CO₃ cassettes in all Cr(VI) monitoring kits at no charge.
What is the OSHA medical surveillance requirement for Cr(VI)?
OSHA 1910.1026 requires medical surveillance for employees exposed at or above the action level (2.5 µg/m³) for 30 or more days per year, or who exhibit signs of Cr(VI) health effects. Required examinations include: health history focused on respiratory and dermal systems, pulmonary function tests (spirometry), chest X-ray, skin assessment for dermatitis and ulceration, and nasal septum examination. Medical examinations are required at initial assignment, annually for continuously exposed workers, and at termination of employment.
What are chromate primers and how are they identified?
Chromate primers include zinc chromate (yellow-green color, widely used on bridges, aircraft, and structural steel), strontium chromate (bright yellow, aerospace and defense), and barium chromate (pale yellow). Identification requires bulk paint chip laboratory analysis by alkaline extraction + IC (NOT acid digestion, which would destroy Cr(VI) speciation). XRF field analyzers can detect total chromium in paint but cannot speciate Cr(VI) from Cr(III) — only laboratory alkaline IC provides confirmed Cr(VI) content. AGT Labs performs bulk chromate primer identification from chip samples with results in µg/g and % Cr(VI) by weight.
Can Cr(VI) and total chromium be tested from the same filter?
No — they require different collection media and cannot be performed from the same filter. OSHA ID-215 (v2) Cr(VI) requires a Na₂CO₃-impregnated PVC filter. NIOSH 7300 total chromium (and other metals) requires an MCE filter with acid digestion. If both Cr(VI) speciation and total metals are needed simultaneously, two separate cassettes must be deployed in series or side-by-side: one Na₂CO₃ PVC (refrigerated, → OSHA ID-215 v2) and one MCE (ambient, → NIOSH 7300 ICP). AGT Labs can provide both cassette types in a combined kit for operations requiring parallel Cr(VI) and total metal monitoring.
Is AGT Labs accredited for hexavalent chromium testing?
Yes. AGT Labs holds AIHA IHLAP accreditation under certificate LAP-101470 and operates under ISO/IEC 17025:2017 — continuously accredited since February 2000 (25+ years). The IHLAP scope covers OSHA ID-215 (Version 2) ion chromatography for Cr(VI) speciation, NIOSH 9102 (surface wipes), and bulk chromate coating analysis by alkaline extraction IC. NIOSH 7605 is a similar IC-based Cr(VI) method we perform in-house but is not within our AIHA IHLAP-accredited scope; for accredited compliance reporting under OSHA 1910.1026, OSHA ID-215 (v2) is our method of record. AGT Labs also holds NVLAP accreditation (Lab Code 101793-0) for asbestos analysis. All hexavalent chromium testing is performed in-house at our Houston TX industrial hygiene testing laboratory.
What is the difference between the OSHA Action Level and PEL for Cr(VI)?
OSHA's Cr(VI) PEL of 5 µg/m³ TWA is the legal compliance limit — exceeding it is a citation. The Action Level (AL) of 2.5 µg/m³ TWA — exactly half the PEL — triggers a different set of program elements: written Cr(VI) compliance program, quarterly periodic exposure monitoring (vs annual), mandatory medical surveillance for workers exposed 30+ days per year, employee notification within 5 working days, and continuation of engineering controls. Below the AL, employers may discontinue periodic monitoring after two consecutive measurements. Above AL but below PEL is not a citation but triggers full AL program requirements.
What is the difference between soluble and insoluble Cr(VI) compounds?
Soluble Cr(VI) compounds (chromic acid, sodium dichromate, potassium chromate, ammonium dichromate) dissolve readily in water and biological fluids — making them highly bioavailable when inhaled. Found in chrome plating baths, chromate conversion coatings (Alodine), and chemical synthesis. Insoluble Cr(VI) compounds (lead chromate, zinc chromate, strontium chromate, barium chromate) are pigments and corrosion inhibitors that dissolve very slowly. Even though insoluble Cr(VI) is technically less bioavailable per unit mass, NIOSH and IARC classify ALL Cr(VI) compounds as Group 1 carcinogens — the OSHA 1910.1026 PEL of 5 µg/m³ applies regardless of solubility. The ACGIH TLV does distinguish water-soluble (0.0002 mg/m³) from insoluble (0.01 mg/m³) Cr(VI), but OSHA does not.
What are the detection limits for OSHA ID-215 v2 Cr(VI) testing?
AGT Labs OSHA ID-215 (v2) IC analysis achieves a typical reporting limit of approximately 0.05 µg of Cr(VI) per filter, translating to about 0.05 µg/m³ at a full-shift sample volume of 960 L (8 hours at 2 L/min) — providing roughly 50× headroom below the OSHA Action Level (2.5 µg/m³), 100× headroom below the OSHA PEL (5 µg/m³), and adequate sensitivity to evaluate the much stricter NIOSH REL (0.2 µg/m³, only ~4× above LOD). For shorter-duration sampling, increase pump flow to 4 L/min to maintain adequate sample volume. Surface wipe reporting limits are typically 0.05 µg/100 cm². Bulk coating analysis reports down to ~5 µg/g (0.0005% by weight) Cr(VI).
How long are Cr(VI) samples stable in shipping?
Cr(VI) samples have a maximum hold time of 14 days when refrigerated at 4°C continuously. The reduction reaction (Cr(VI) → Cr(III)) is temperature-dependent and accelerated by organic matter, elevated humidity, and warm temperatures. Best practice: seal cassette caps within 5 minutes of sampling completion, refrigerate within 1 hour of collection, ship overnight in an insulated container with ice packs, and ensure samples arrive at the laboratory still cold. AGT Labs documents incoming sample temperature and flags any samples arriving warm or after extended ambient holding — these results may underreport true Cr(VI) exposure and should be interpreted accordingly. Surface wipes and bulk coating samples follow the same refrigerated chain-of-custody requirements.
Does AGT Labs perform Cr(VI) testing for federal projects and DoD facilities?
Yes. AGT Labs' AIHA IHLAP accreditation (LAP-101470) and ISO/IEC 17025:2017 quality system support federal procurement, BRAC site remediation, military aircraft maintenance, navy shipyard work, and Department of Defense contracts that require accredited industrial hygiene testing. Our IHLAP scope for OSHA ID-215 (Version 2) Cr(VI) speciation supports military airframe coating operations (chromate conversion coatings on aircraft skin), navy vessel maintenance and refit (chromate primers on hull steel), federal facility decommissioning, ammunition plant operations, and aerospace MRO contracts. All OSHA ID-215 IC, NIOSH 7600 UV-Vis colorimetric, and alkaline-extraction bulk analyses are performed in-house at the Houston laboratory.
Houston TX IH Laboratory

Hexavalent Chromium Testing Lab Serving Houston's Industrial Base

AGT Labs is located at 10200 East Freeway, Suite 101, Houston TX 77029 — within the Houston Ship Channel industrial corridor. All OSHA ID-215 (v2) IC, UV-Vis, and alkaline digest Cr(VI) analysis is performed in-house. No send-outs. Samples received before 2:00 PM CST logged same day.

Primary Sector
Petrochemical & SS Welding
Houston Ship Channel refineries, LNG terminals, and chemical plants use continuous stainless steel pipe welding and maintenance — requiring both OSHA ID-215 (v2) Cr(VI) monitoring and NIOSH 7300 total metals scanning in parallel for full OSHA 1910.1026 + 1910.1000 compliance.
Metal Finishing
Chrome Plating & Surface Finishing
Houston-area hard chrome plating operations for industrial tooling, hydraulic cylinders, and oil field equipment use concentrated chromic acid (CrO₃) baths — the highest-concentration Cr(VI) exposure in industry. AGT Labs supports plating facility compliance programs with air, wipe, and bath coordination.
Infrastructure
Bridge & Structure Coating
Texas DOT bridge repainting projects and industrial structure maintenance across Harris County frequently expose chromate-containing primers dating from pre-1980 applications. AGT Labs provides bulk chip ID (alkaline IC) before work begins and OSHA ID-215 (v2) air monitoring throughout blast operations.
Federal & DoD
Aerospace MRO & BRAC Sites
Texas-based aerospace manufacturers, defense contractors, navy shipyard work, and BRAC remediation projects use chromate conversion coatings extensively. Our AIHA IHLAP accreditation (LAP-101470) and ISO/IEC 17025:2017 quality system support federal procurement and DoD environmental data quality requirements.
25+
Years AIHA
Accredited
5
µg/m³ OSHA PEL
8-hr TWA Limit
1-Day
Rush TAT
Emergency Cr(VI)
77029
Houston TX
10200 E. Freeway

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AIHA IHLAP (LAP-101470) · ISO/IEC 17025:2017 · OSHA ID-215 (v2) IC · Refrigerated COC Kits · 3-Limit Compliance Reporting · Houston TX 77029